![]() They use mathematical representations to identify certain patterns and analyze patterns of performance in order to re-engineer and improve a designed system.Ĭ2 Cause and Effect. They recognize classifications or explanations used at one scale may not be useful or need revision using a different scale thus requiring improved investigations and experiments. Students observe patterns in systems at different scales and cite patterns as empirical evidence for causality in supporting their explanations of phenomena. Students learn changes in one part of a system might cause large changes in another part, systems in dynamic equilibrium are stable due to a balance of feedback mechanisms, and stability might be disturbed by either sudden events or gradual changes that accumulate over timeĬ1 Patterns. Students explain stability and change in natural or designed systems by examining changes over time, and considering forces at different scales, including the atomic scale. They can also learn that models are limited in that they only represent certain aspects of the system under study.Ĭ7 Stability and Change. ![]() They can use models to represent systems and their interactions-such as inputs, processes and outputs-and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. Students can understand that systems may interact with other systems they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. They represent scientific relationships through the use of algebraic expressions and equationsĬ4 Systems and System Models. They use proportional relationships (e.g., speed as the ratio of distance traveled to time taken) to gather information about the magnitude of properties and processes. They understand phenomena observed at one scale may not be observable at another scale, and the function of natural and designed systems may change with scale. Students observe time, space, and energy phenomena at various scales using models to study systems that are too large or too small. They also understand that phenomena may have more than one cause, and some cause and effect relationships in systems can only be described using probability.Ĭ3 Scale Proportion and Quantity. They use cause and effect relationships to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. Students classify relationships as causal or correlational, and recognize that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. Students learn some systems appear stable, but over long periods of time they will eventually change.Ĭ2 Cause and Effect. Students measure change in terms of differences over time, and observe that change may occur at different rates. They can also describe a system in terms of its components and their interactions.Ĭ7 Stability and Change. Students understand that a system is a group of related parts that make up a whole and can carry out functions its individual parts cannot. They understand events that occur together with regularity might or might not signify a cause and effect relationshipĬ4 Systems and System Models. Students routinely identify and test causal relationships and use these relationships to explain change. Highlights the locations of 26 major volcanoes on Io and finally showsĬ2 Cause and Effect. ![]() Volcanoes of IO starts with the surface of Io, then Surface of the moon as does Io, Moon of Jupiter (USGS). There are three datasets available for Io. That there are very few crater marks as new lava is constantly filling This liquid sub-layer is one of the reasonsįor the high volcanic activity. This movement makes the moon incredibly hot, keeping the subsurfaceĬrust in a liquid state. ![]() Is that the solid body of the moon can bulge out to almost 330 feet. The tidal forces exerted on the moon to be immense. The path of Io around Jupiter is highly elliptical causing Many of the volcanoes are still active and Voyager 1 and 2 were able to capture pictures of erupting volcanoes with plumes as tall as 190 miles. There are hundreds of volcanoes scattered over the surface of the moon, which is a bit larger than Earth’s Moon. The reason for this distinct surface is its vast number of active volcanoes. ![]() Io has often been described as looking like a pizza covered with melted cheese, tomato sauce and olives. ![]()
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